Working with Adaptive Card Universal Actions in a Microsoft Teams Bot

Universal Actions for Adaptive cards are a mechanism to handle user interactions uniformly no matter where the user is accessing the Adaptive Card from. It allows Bot developers to send the same Adaptive Cards to Microsoft Teams, Outlook etc. without having to write redundant client specific code. As the Microsoft docs state:

Universal Actions for Adaptive Cards evolved from developer feedback that even though layout and rendering for Adaptive Cards was universal, action handling was not. Even if a developer wanted to send the same card to different places, they have to handle actions differently. Universal Actions for Adaptive Cards brings the bot as the common backend for handling actions. 

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/platform/task-modules-and-cards/cards/universal-actions-for-adaptive-cards/overview?tabs=mobile

In addition to these user interactions, there are couple of really useful features delivered as part of Universal Actions. They are "User Specific Views" and "Up to date cards"

User specific views:

By using user specific views, different users see different views on the card depending on their identity and the actions they have taken. This was not the case earlier when all users who viewed an Adaptive Card posted in a Teams channel saw the same exact card. Lets see a quick example:

First lets talk about the refresh property. The property contains two important values: action and userIds. When an adaptive card containing a refresh property will load, first the Teams platform will check if the current user viewing the Adaptive Card is present in the userIds property. If they are, then an action will be sent to the bot containing the verb mentioned in the verb property. We will have to write Bot Framework code which handles this call from the Teams platform. As a response to this call, we can return a new adaptive card which will only be visible to the current user. 

All other users viewing the Adaptive card who are not part of the userIds property will keep seeing a shared common view of the base card. 

Up to date cards:

With up to date cards, we can use the Bot Framework message update functionality to update the user specific views in adaptive cards on the fly. This is so that the cards are updated to their latest state without the user having to reload the card.   

Now that we have covered the different moving parts, let's see how we can put all of this together in a code sample for a approving an asset in a Teams channel:

1) A user starts the approval process by sending a command to the bot:

The user starting the approval request is the "Owner" of this asset. When the owner sends an approval request, an adaptive card with a "Approve" button will be shown to everyone in the Team who is not the owner. Where as, the owner will see a view on the card which contains a list of users who have approved the request.

2) Approving the asset and refreshing the Adaptive Card with latest state: 

Any user in the team can click on the approve button to approve the asset. Once they approve, they will be shown a different card.

Owner will always see who approved the card. This will be kept up to date using the message edit mechanism without the need to manually reload the card.